Introduction To Beats Frequency Philosophy Essay

Introduction To Beats Frequency Philosophy Essay The sound of a beat frequency or beat wave is a fluctuating volume caused when you add two sound waves of slightly different frequencies together. If the frequencies of the sound waves are close enough together, you can hear a relatively slow variation in the volume of the sound. A good example of this can be heard using two tuning forks that are a few frequencies apart. A sound wave can be represented as a sine waves, and you can add sine waves of different frequencies to get a graphical representation of the waveform. When the frequencies are close together, they are enclosed in a beat envelope that modulates the amplitude or loudness of the sound. The frequency of this beat is the absolute difference of the two original frequencies Examples and applications of beat frequencies:- A good demonstration of beat frequencies can be heard in the animation below. A pure sound of 330 Hz is combined with 331 Hz to give a rather slow beat frequency of 1 Hz or 1 fluctuation in amplitude per second. When the 330 Hz sound is combined with a 340 Hz sound, you can hear the more rapid fluctuation at 10 Hz. Another example of beats:- When you fly in a passenger plane, you may often hear a fluctuating droning sound. That is a beat frequency caused by engine vibrations at two close frequencies. Application of beats:- A piano tuner will strike a key and then compare the note with a tuning fork. If the piano is slightly out of tune, he will be able to hear the beat frequency and then adjust the piano wire until it is at the same frequency as the tuning fork. If the piano is severely out of tune, it makes the job more difficult, because the beat frequency may be too fast to readily hear. Adding sine waves :- Although sound is a compression wave that travels through matter, it is more convenient to illustrate the sound wave as a transverse wave, similar to how a guitar string vibrates or how a water wave appears. The shape of such a wave for a single frequency is called a sine wave. Its fig isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in fig:- Here Sine wave represents a single frequency of sound with constant amplitude When we add sound waves traveling in the same direction together, elements of the sine wave add or subtract, according to where they are in the waveform. we add the amplitude of each wave, point by point. Making a graphical representation of the sum of two waves can be done by hand, but that can be be tedious. Beat envelope:- If we add two waves of slightly different frequencies, the resulting amplitude will vary or oscillate at a rate that is the difference between the frequencies. That beat frequency will create a beat envelope around the original sine wave. In this figure beat envelope modulates the amplitude of the sound Since the frequencies of the two sounds are so close and we would hear a sound that is an average of the two. But we would also hear the modulation of the amplitude as a beat frequency, which is the difference between the initial frequencies. fb = | f1 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ f2 | where fb is the beat frequency . f1 and f2 are the two sound frequency. | f1 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ f2 | is the absolute value or positive (+) value of the difference . Examples:- For example, if we add a wave oscillating at 445 Hz with one that is at 450 Hz, the resulting frequency will be an average of the sum of the two waves. (445 Hz + 450 Hz)/2 = 447.5 Hz. This waveform is close to a sine wave, since the frequency are almost the same. The amplitude of volume of this combination will oscillate at the beat frequency of the difference between the two: (450 Hz 445 Hz) = 5 Hz. Now, if we add 440 Hz and 500 Hz notes, the resulting waveform will be a complex version of a sine wave and will sound like a fuzzy average of the two tones. The average frequency of this complex wave will be (440 Hz + 500 Hz)/2 = 470 Hz. Also, its beat frequency will be 60 Hz, which would sound like a very low-pitched hum instead of a fluctuating volume. When two sound waves of different frequency approach your ear, the alternating constructive and destructive interference causes the sound to be alternatively soft and loud a phenomenon which is called beatingor producing beats. The beat frequency is equal to the absolute value of the difference in frequency of the two waves. -:Applications of Beats:- -:Envelope of Beat Production:- Beats are caused by the interference of two waves at the same point in space. This plot of the variation of resultant amplitude with time shows the periodic increase and decrease for two sine waves. The image below is the beat pattern produced by a London police whistle, which uses two short pipes to produce a unique three-note sound. Sum and difference frequencies Interference and Beats:- Wave interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the medium. If two upward displaced pulses having the same shape meet up with one another while traveling in opposite directions along a medium, the medium will take on the shape of an upward displaced pulse with twice the amplitude of the two interfering pulses. This type of interference is known as constructive interference. If an upward displaced pulse and a downward displaced pulse having the same shape meet up with one another while traveling in opposite directions along a medium, the two pulses will cancel each others effect upon the displacement of the medium and the medium will assume the equilibrium position. This type of interference is known as destructive interference. The diagrams below show two waves one is blue and the other is red interfering in such a way to produce a resultant shape in a medium; the resultant is shown in green. In two cases (on the left and in the middle), constructive interference occurs and in the third case (on the far right, destructive interference occurs. But how can sound waves that do not possess upward and downward displacements interfere constructively and destructively? Sound is a pressure wave that consists of compressions and rarefactions. As a compression passes through a section of a medium, it tends to pull particles together into a small region of space, thus creating a high-pressure region. And as a rarefaction passes through a section of a medium, it tends to push particles apart, thus creating a low-pressure region. The interference of sound waves causes the particles of the medium to behave in a manner that reflects the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles. For example, if a compression (high pressure) of one wave meets up with a compression (high pressure) of a second wave at the same location in the medium, then the net effect is that that particular location will experience an even greater pressure. This is a form of constructive interference. If two rarefactions (two low-pressure disturbances) f rom two different sound waves meet up at the same location, then the net effect is that that particular location will experience an even lower pressure. This is also an example of constructive interference. Now if a particular location along the medium repeatedly experiences the interference of two compressions followed up by the interference of two rarefactions, then the two sound waves will continually reinforce each other and produce a very loud sound. The loudness of the sound is the result of the particles at that location of the medium undergoing oscillations from very high to very low pressures. As mentioned in a previous unit, locations along the medium where constructive interference continually occurs are known as anti-nodes. The animation below shows two sound waves interfering constructively in order to produce very large oscillations in pressure at a variety of anti-nodal locations. Note that compressions are labeled with a C and rarefactions are labeled with an R. Now if two sound waves interfere at a given location in such a way that the compression of one wave meets up with the rarefaction of a second wave, destructive interference results. The net effect of a compression (which pushes particles together) and a rarefaction (which pulls particles apart) upon the particles in a given region of the medium is to not even cause a displacement of the particles. The tendency of the compression to push particles together is canceled by the tendency of the rarefactions to pull particles apart; the particles would remain at their rest position as though there wasnt even a disturbance passing through them. This is a form of destructive interference. Now if a particular location along the medium repeatedly experiences the interference of a compression and rarefaction followed up by the interference of a rarefaction and a compression, then the two sound waves will continually each other and no sound is heard. The absence of sound is the result of the par ticles remaining at rest and behaving as though there were no disturbance passing through it. Amazingly, in a situation such as this, two sound waves would combine to produce no sound. location along the medium where destructive interference continually occurs are known as nodes. Two Source Sound Interference:- A popular Physics demonstration involves the interference of two sound waves from two speakers. The speakers are set approximately 1-meter apart and produced identical tones. The two sound waves traveled through the air in front of the speakers, spreading our through the room in spherical fashion. A snapshot in time of the appearance of these waves is shown in the diagram below. In the diagram, the compressions of a wavefront are represented by a thick line and the rarefactions are represented by thin lines. These two waves interfere in such a manner as to produce locations of some loud sounds and other locations of no sound. Of course the loud sounds are heard at locations where compressions meet compressions or rarefactions meet rarefactions and the no sound locations appear wherever the compressions of one of the waves meet the rarefactions of the other wave. If we were to plug one ear and turn the other ear towards the place of the speakers and then slowly walk across the room pa rallel to the plane of the speakers, then you would encounter an amazing phenomenon. we would alternatively hear loud sounds as you approached anti-nodal locations and virtually no sound as you approached nodal locations. (As would commonly be observed, the nodal locations are not true nodal locations due to reflections of sound waves off the walls. These reflections tend to fill the entire room with reflected sound. Even though the sound waves that reach the nodal locations directly from the speakers destructively interfere, other waves reflecting off the walls tend to reach that same location to produce a pressure disturbance.) Destructive interference of sound waves becomes an important issue in the design of concert halls and auditoriums. The rooms must be designed in such as way as to reduce the amount of destructive interference. Interference can occur as the result of sound from two speakers meeting at the same location as well as the result of sound from a speaker meeting with sound reflected off the walls and ceilings. If the sound arrives at a given location such that compressions meet rarefactions, then destructive interference will occur resulting in a reduction in the loudness of the sound at that location. One means of reducing the severity of destructive interference is by the design of walls, ceilings, and baffles that serve to absorb sound rather than reflect it. The destructive interference of sound waves can also be used advantageously in noise reduction systems. Earphones have been produced that can be used by factory and construction workers to reduce the noise levels on their jobs. Such earphones capture sound from the environment and use computer technology to produce a second sound wave that one-half cycle out of phase. The combination of these two sound waves within the headset will result in destructive interference and thus reduce a workers exposure to loud noise. Musical Beats and Intervals:- Interference of sound waves has widespread applications in the world of music. Music seldom consists of sound waves of a single frequency played continuously. Few music enthusiasts would be impressed by an orchestra that played music consisting of the note with a pure tone played by all instruments in the orchestra. Hearing a sound wave of 256 Hz , would become rather monotonous (both literally and figuratively). Rather, instruments are known to produce overtones when played resulting in a sound that consists of a multiple of frequencies. Such instruments are described as being rich in tone color. And even the best choirs will earn their money when two singers sing two notes i.e., produce two sound waves that are an octave apart. Music is a mixture of sound waves that typically have whole number ratios between the frequencies associated with their notes. In fact, the major distinction between music and noise is that noise consists of a mixture of frequencies whose mathematical relati onship to one another is not readily discernible. On the other hand, music consists of a mixture of frequencies that have a clear mathematical relationship between them. While it may be true that one persons music is another persons noise (e.g., your music might be thought of by your parents as being noise), a physical analysis of musical sounds reveals a mixture of sound waves that are mathematically related. To demonstrate this nature of music, lets consider one of the simplest mixtures of two different sound waves two sound waves with a 2:1 frequency ratio. This combination of waves is known as an octave. A simple sinusoidal plot of the wave pattern for two such waves is shown below. Note that the red wave has two times the frequency of the blue wave. Also observe that the interference of these two waves produces a resultant (in green) that has a periodic and repeating pattern. One might say that two sound waves that have a clear whole number ratio between their frequencies interfere to produce a wave with a regular and repeating pattern. The result is music. Another easy example of two sound waves with a clear mathematical relationship between frequencies is shown below. Note that the red wave has three-halves the frequency of the blue wave. In the music world, such waves are said to be a fifth apart and represent a popular musical interval. Observe once more that the interference of these two waves produces a resultant (in green) that has a periodic and repeating pattern. It should be said again: two sound waves that have a clear whole number ratio between their frequencies interfere to produce a wave with a regular and repeating pattern; the result is music. Finally, the diagram below illustrates the wave pattern produced by two dissonant or displeasing sounds. The diagram shows two waves interfering, but this time there is no simple mathematical relationship between their frequencies (in computer terms, one has a wavelength of 37 and the other has a wavelength 20 pixels). We observe that the pattern of the resultant is neither periodic nor repeating (at least not in the short sample of time that is shown). It is clear: if two sound waves that have no simple mathematical relationship between their frequencies interfere to produce a wave, the result will be an irregular and non-repeating pattern. This tends to be displeasing to the ear. A final application of physics to the world of music pertains to the topic of beats. Beats are the periodic and repeating fluctuations heard in the intensity of a sound when two sound waves of very similar frequencies interfere with one another. The diagram below illustrates the wave interference pattern resulting from two waves (drawn in red and blue) with very similar frequencies. A beat pattern is characterized by a wave whose amplitude is changing at a regular rate. Observe that the beat pattern (drawn in green) repeatedly oscillates from zero amplitude to a large amplitude, back to zero amplitude throughout the pattern. Points of constructive interference (C.I.) and destructive interference (D.I.) are labeled on the diagram. When constructive interference occurs between two crests or two troughs, a loud sound is heard. This corresponds to a peak on the beat pattern (drawn in green). When destructive interference between a crest and a trough occurs, no sound is heard; this corres ponds to a point of no displacement on the beat pattern. Since there is a clear relationship between the amplitude and the loudness, this beat pattern would be consistent with a wave that varies in volume at a regular rate. The beat frequency refers to the rate at which the volume is heard to be oscillating from high to low volume. For exà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, if two complete cycles of high and low volumes are heard every second, the beat frequency is 2 Hz. The beat frequency is always equal to the difference in frequency of the two notes that interfere to produce the beats. So if two sound waves with frequencies of 256 Hz and 254 Hz are played simultaneously, a beat frequency of 2 Hz will be detected. A common physics demonstration involves producing beats using two tuning forks with very similar frequencies. If a tine on one of two identical tuning forks is wrapped with a rubber band, then that tuning forks frequency will be lowered. If both tuning forks are vibrated together, then they produce sounds with slightly different frequencies. These sounds will interfere to produce detectable beats. The human ear is capable of detecting beats with frequencies of 7 Hz and below. A piano tuner frequently utilizes the phenomenon of beats to tune a piano string. She will pluck the string and tap a tuning fork at the same time. If the two sound sources the piano string and the tuning fork produce detectable beats then their frequencies are not identical. She will then adjust the tension of the piano string and repeat the process the beats can no longer be heard. As the piano string becomes more in tune with the tuning fork, the beat frequency will be reduced and approach 0 Hz. When beats are no longer heard, the piano string is tuned to the tuning fork; that is, they play the same frequency. The process allows a piano tuner to match the strings frequency to the frequency of a standardized set of tuning forks. Important Note:- Many of the diagrams on this page represent a sound wave by a sine wave. Such a wave more closely resembles a transverse wave and may mislead people into thinking that sound is a transverse wave. Sound is not a transverse wave, but rather a longitudinal wave. Nonetheless, the variations in pressure with time take on the pattern of a sine wave and thus a sine wave is often used to represent the pressure-time features of a sound wave. Whenever two wave motions pass through a single region of a medium simultaneously, the motion of the particles in the medium will be the result of the combined disturbance due to the two waves. This effect of superposition of waves, is also known as interference. The interference of two waves with respect to space of two waves traveling in the same direction, has been described in previous section. The interference can also occur with respect to time (temporal interference) due to two waves of slightly different frequencies, travelling in the same direction. An observer will note a regular swelling and fading or waxing and waning of the sound resulting in a throbbing effect of sound called beats. Number of beats heard per second Qualitative treatment:- Suppose two tuning forks having frequencies 256 and 257 per second respectively, are sounded together. If at the beginning of a given second, they vibrate in the same phase so that the compressions (or rarefactions) of the corresponding waves reach the ear together, the sound will be reinforced . Half a second later, when one makes 128 and the other  128*1/2 vibrations, they are in opposite phase, i.e., the compression of one wave combines with the rarefaction of the other and tends to produce silence. At the end of one second, they are again be in the same phase and the sound is reinforced. By this time, one fork is ahead of the other by one vibration. Thus, in the resultant sound, the observer hears maximum sound at the interval of one second. Similarly, a minimum loudness is heard at an interval of one second. As we may consider a single beat to occupy the interval between two consecutive maxima or minima, the beat produced in one second in this case, is one in each second. If the two tuning forks had frequencies 256 and 258, a similar analysis would show that the number of beats will be two per second. Thus, in general, the number of beats heard per second will be equal to the difference in the frequencies of the two sound waves. Analytical treatment:- Consider two simple harmonic sound waves each of amplitude A, frequencies f1 and f2 respectively, travelling in the same direction. Let y1 and y2 represent the individual displacements of a particle in the medium, that these waves can produce. Then the resultant displacement of the particle, according to the principle of superposition will be given by Y=y1+y2 This equation represents a periodic vibration of amplitude R and   frequency  . The amplitude and hence the intensity of the resultant wave, is a function of the time. The amplitude varies with a   frequency Since intensity (amplitude)2, the intensity of the sound is maximum in all these cases. For   to assume the above values like 0, p, 2p, 3p, 4p,. Thus, the time interval between two maxima or the period of beats = When the difference in the frequency of the two waves is small, the variation in intensity is readily detected on listening to it. As the difference increases beyond 10 per second, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish them. If the difference in the frequencies reaches the audible range, an unpleasant note of low pitch called the beat note is produced. The ability to hear this beat note is largely due to the lack of linearity in the response of the ear. Demonstration of beats:- Let two tuning forks of the same frequency be fitted on suitable resonance boxes on a table, with the open ends of the boxes facing each other. Let the two tuning forks be struck with a wooden hammer. A continuous loud sound is heard. It does not rise or fall. Let a small quantity of wax be attached to a prong of one of the tuning forks.. This reduces the frequency of that tuning fork. When the two forks are sounded again beats will be heard. Uses of beats:- The phenomenon of beats is used for tuning a note to any particular frequency. The note of the desired frequency is sounded together with the note to be tuned. If there is a slight difference in frequencies, then beats are produced. When they are exactly in unison, i.e., have the same frequency, they do not produce any beats when sounded together, but produce the same number of beats with a third note of slightly different frequency. Stringed musical instruments are tuned this way. The central note of a piano is tuned to a standard value using this method. The phenomenon of beats can be used to determine the frequency of a tuning fork. Let A and B be two tuning forks of frequencies fA (known) and fB (unknown). On sounding A and B, let the number of beats produced be n. Then one of the following equations must be true. fA fB = n à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (i) or fB fA = n à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (ii) To find the correct equation, B is loaded with a little wax so that its frequency decreases. If the number of beats increases, then equation (i) is to be used. If the number of beats decreases, then equation (ii) is to be used. Thus, knowing the value of fA and the number of beats, fB can be calculated. Sometimes, beats are deliberately caused in musical instruments in a section of the orchestra to create sound of a special tonal quality. The phenomenon of beats is used in detecting dangerous gases in mines. The apparatus used for this purpose consists of two small and exactly similar pipes blown together, one by pure air from a reservoir and the other by the air in the mine. If the air in the mine contains methane, its density will be less than that of pure air. The two notes produced by the pipes will then differ in the pitch and produce beats. Thus, the presence of the dangerous gas can be detected. The super heterodyne type of radio receiver makes use of the principle of beats. The incoming radio frequency signal is mixed with an internally generated signal from a local oscillator in the receiver. The output of the mixer has a carrier frequency equal to the difference between the transmitted carrier frequency and the locally generated frequency and is called the intermediate frequency. It is amplified and passed through a detector. This system enables the intermediate frequency signal to be amplified with less distortion, greater gain and easier elimination of noise Summary:- A beat frequency is the combination of two frequencies that are very close to each other. The sound you hear will fluctuate in volume according to the difference in their frequencies. You may often hear beat frequencies when objects vibrate. Beat frequencies can be graphically shown by adding two sine waves of different frequencies. The resulting waveform is a sine wave that has an envelope of modulating amplitude.

Freedom both Digital and Literal Essay -- Censorship

With recent events such as the Megaupload shutdown and occupy protests around the globe, the internet and its current state has been receiving much attention. The internet has become an integral part of our lives, link people overseas, transmitting ideas, and propelling innovation. Because of this, governments and service providers should not regulate, restrict, or censor the internet. The Internet we know today serves as a medium for our entertainment, communication, and commercial needs. It is something many of us have come to take for granted. However, the original intended purpose of the first â€Å"internet† goes back to the days of the Cold War where the ever looming threat of a nuclear missile strike prompted the U.S., as well as many other countries, to build a robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer network. By 1970, ARPANET had been born, funded by the Department of Defense and linking research facilities from the east coast to the west. Not until the 1990’s was the internet commercialized, gaining widespread popularity and incorporated into many aspects of our lives. With 2.2 billion people connected today, problems must undoubtedly rise. However, how different groups attempt to handle these problems can be as different as day and night. There are several issues at stake here regarding regulation, including anti-piracy laws, net neutrality, and freedom of speech. The most recent of these issues concerns many pieces â€Å"anti-piracy† legislation that have appeared before Congress in the United States and before the European Union. In 2010, Congress attempted to quietly pass the Combatting Infringement and Counterfeits Act. Fortunately, news quickly spread and petitions were submitted to prevent its passing. Senator Wy... ... saw."ZDNet. ZDNet, 15 Nov 2011. Web. 13 Apr 2012. "Growing Chorus of Opposition to "Stop Online Piracy Act"."Center for Democracy & Technology. N.P., 09 Jan 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. PROTECT IP Act of 2011, S. 968, 112th Cong.  § 3(d)(2)(D); "Text of S. 968," Govtrack.us. May 26, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011. "Senator: Web Censorship Bill A ‘Bunker-Busting Cluster Bomb’." Wired. (2012): 1. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Tassi, Paul. "You Will Never Kill Piracy, and Piracy Will Never Kill You." Forbes. Forbes, 03 FEB 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. "BitTorrent Piracy Doesn’t Affect US Box Office Returns, Study Finds." Torrentfreak. N.p., 10 Feb 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. Suderman, Peter. "Internet Cop." Reason. 01 Mar. 2011: 20. eLibrary. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. "Background." Global Internet Freedom Consortium. 04 June 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. .

Dante Inferno

In this canto, Dante awakens to find that he is on the edge of Hell. Dante and Virgil descend into the bottomless pit. They enter the first circle of Hell, Limbo, where the souls that are sighing live. The souls include those all Unbaptized infants and those men and women who lived before the age of Christendom. I am going to talk more about those souls later. In the previous canto, Dante fainted at moments of great intensity of feeling when he is shocked by the strange sights he sees in Hell. Paralleled to his violent fainting, is he awakened by a great clasp of thunder. This supernatural ‘weather’ mirrors Dante’s internal condition. The faint, however, acts as to move from one location, the ferry crossing over Acheron, to Limbo. Furthermore, it seems that Dante faints only when he is not strong enough to confront sin in that he no longer faints as he continues to face greater horrors and suffering, indicating his increasing strength. We see that the period of unconsciousness has done Dante good as he â€Å"stood up and turned [his] rested eyes†¦ to see what kind of place it was where [he] awoke† (4-6). Eyes are the organ of sense related to light. The eyes have the ability to absorb light and enable us to see. Therefore, they may signify reason and knowledge, which is intended to be strengthened through the Dante’s journey. Dante seems to be ready to face the next obstacle; however, when he looks down into the pit, he becomes reluctant, indicating that he is still far from being able to face Hell by himself. As they took the first downward movement within Inferno, Dante sees Virgil’s pallor of pity which he mistakes for fear as he himself had been at the end of previous canto. Virgil then answers him, â€Å"the anguish of the souls who dwell down here has painted in my face the pity you have taken to be fear† (19-21). Virgil describes the world of Limbo as the â€Å"blind world† without other punishment than its darkness and â€Å"thundering with the roar of endless woe. † Traditional thinking, according to the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus, there are two limbos, which are for the souls of unbaptized children and the other for the virtuous pagans. Virgil further explains that he himself being among the former, further commenting that the only pain they suffer is that the hope of seeing God doesn’t exist within them. They are not punished, yet they eternally miss the supernatural joys of Heaven. Virgil continues on by saying that those souls â€Å"didn’t sin. If they had merits, these were not enough – baptism they didn’t’ have, the one gate to the faith which you believe† (34-6). When Dante heard Virgil’s saying â€Å"hopeless, we live forever in desire,† â€Å"great sorrow seized [his] heart. † It shows that Dante is responding with pity and sorrow. Caught by this statement, Dante asks if anyone has escaped and achieved Heaven. Dante continues on by saying â€Å"I want to confirm the faith that conquers every path that strays,† showing that he is seeking knowledge and wishing to be reassured of the Justice of God and be confirmed of what he heard about the harrowing of Hell. The real question he’s asking is that why should he seek confirmation of Christ’s ascent to heaven from a pagan? Virgil answers with â€Å"I had just entered in this state when I saw coming One of power and might crowned with the glorious sign of victory† (54-55). â€Å"One of power and might† indicates Christ, in the harrowing of hell. The Harrowing of Hell indicates the event where Christ descended to Hell, and freed the souls of all those virtuous people who lived before the grace of baptism. The sign of victory can mean the cross. However, in Dante’s case, the virtuous souls remain in the limbo eternally. Dante’s question and Virgil’s answer doesn’t concern with the harrowing of hell, but rather with those who went up with Christ after the harrowing of hell. Virgil answers with list of the patriarchs and matriarchs, mentioning on Hebrews; Adam, Abel, Noah, Moses, Abraham, David, Jacob, Isaac, the sons of Jacob and Rachel. He indicates that â€Å"many others† were included, some of whom will be concerned later. The reason for this is to emphasize the conflict toward the pity. Dante and Virgil â€Å"did not leave off walking while [Virgil] spoke,† which reminds us of the journey in motion. This information is provided to establish the ‘realism’ of the scene. As they walk through the â€Å"forest thicketed with souls,† Dante sees a fire which is supposed to symbolize the moral virtues, or knowledge in the light of which he describes certain honourable folk. He further questions Virgil why these honourable folk are distinguished from the other spirits by being allowed to be the light, to which Virgil replies: â€Å"The honoured name that still resounds/their glory in our life above has won the grace from Heaven that now exalts them here† (76-79). In other words, the fame which these souls possess in the world above earned them a special location in Limbo. As Dante continues throughout his journey, the recurring motif of fame is one of the most important motifs of the Inferno.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia - 1476 Words

Schizophrenia, paranoid type was researched in terms of diagnostic criteria based on many different actions that affect people in multiple ways. Schizophrenia is a disease in the brain that is an emotionally draining illness that can affect the victim along with anyone in contact with the victim. RB a young man has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, paranoid type. He lives at home with a loving family and he was always socially active and great student. Schizophrenia has been a severely stigmatized disorder has many different aspects to the disorder. The standard diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia are characteristic symptoms, social and occupational dysfunction and the duration of the symptoms. Everyday health describes Paranoid Schizophrenia as â€Å"Delusions of grandeur or persecution afflict paranoid schizophrenics, along with feelings of anger. These patients often argue a lot and can be violent.† RB is believed to have all the concerning aspects that clients with Schizophr enia have. I will be developing a case study to discuss RB’s positive and negative symptoms, delusional thinking, what medications would be helpful, screenings important to RB’s diagnosis and psychosocial treatments that he would benefit from. Let us first step into the history of RB, he was always a great student and he was very socially active. He grew up in a great home with his loving parents and as he developed his mind began to develop differently than expected. He is now a twenty-two year old youngShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Per MentalHelp.net, schizophrenia is rare with approximately one-percent of the worldwide population and 1.2 percent of the population of the United States suffering from the disease as of 2009. 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These symptoms must typically be present for at least 6 months andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1060 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a well-known emotional and mental disorder that causes hallucinations, and paranoid and delusional behaviour (Hoffer, 2004). In contrast to many other diseases, schizophrenia is mostly due to genetics and influenced by the environment. People who suffer from this disorder usually cannot differentiate from the imaginative world from the real one. Schizophrenia is often a result of stress and develops gradually (DeLisi, 2011). It is therefore, essential to start earlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1205 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia Roughly 2.5 Million Americans have been diagnosed with a chronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. The illness called Schizophrenia causes a person to hallucinate, hear voices that others can’t hear, make people believe that they are being watched, and the belief somebody is out to harm them. (Mental Health America 2015) In this paper I will write about the prevalence, whatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1011 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. â€Å"Schizo† if Greek for Split while â€Å"phrene† means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disruption within the thought process Schizophrenia i s a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual andRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia843 Words   |  4 PagesPeople who suffered from schizophrenia were once mistaken to be â€Å"dangerous† and untreatable. For this reason, they were often institutionalized and removed from society (DiRocco). The causes of this mental psychotic disorder has been much more understood over the past decade resulting in the possibility for people with schizophrenia to live more average lives. Development of treatments, such as medication and various forms of psychotherapies, have been effective in treating symptoms and common comorbidRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1058 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that affects the way a person behaves, thinks, and sees the world.†(Melinda Smith, Jeanne Segal). Schizophrenia is treatable but incurable, and is present in one percent of the general population. Some people with schizophrenia can function normally without the help of medicines, while others must rely on medications. The disorder can also get so severe that an individual may need to be hospitalized or worse. The measures needed to treat schizophreniaRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1545 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, and other symptoms that cause social or occupati onal dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The symptoms of schizophrenia invade every aspect of a person: the way someone thinks, feels, and behaves; which implicates their interpersonal and working relationships. Individuals suffering